Historically, Mac OS X uses the Mach-O executable format, which does not support thread local storage data section found on most operating systems using ELF executable format (here is how ELF handles thread local storage as documented by Ulrich Drepper). If you try to compile a program using __thread modifier, you'd get the following error.
However, it has been suggested that pthread_getspecific() has a fast implementation on Mac OS X. The pthreads thread specific functions are POSIX API facility for thread local storage (TLS).
The way Mac OS X implements pthread_getspecific() for ppc target is more complicated. First, it looks up from the COMMPAGE (defined in cpu_capabilities.h) the address to several possible pthread_getspecific() functions implemented by the mach kernel, and branch there. From there, thread control block is either obtained from SPRG3 (special purpose register #3), or by an ultra-fast trap. The SPRG3 points to thread control block where pthread specifics are allocated from, so the approach is comparable to using GS segment on i386. The ultra-fast trap approach, despite its name, is a slower fall-back approach that appeals to the task scheduler to find out which thread is currently running.
There is no reason why pthread_getspecific() couldn't be implemented as efficiently as compiler's thread local storage variables. However, with __thread, the compiler could cache the address for the thread local variable instance and reuse it in the current function. If several functions are inlined, all of them could use the same pre-computed address. With pthread_getspecific(), the compiler doesn't know that the address to the pthread specific variable can be reused. It has to call the function again whenever the value is asked. For this reason, Mac OS X also provides inlined version of pthread_getspecific() to get rid of the function call overhead, as well as allowing the compiler to pre-compute the offset into the thread control block whenever possible.
I don't know how other operating systems implement pthread_getspecific(), but if they already support thread local storage variables, they should be able to implement pthread specific like this to achieve the efficiency as expected on Mac OS X:
This is inspired by pthread_tsd.c in Mac OS X Libc. Notice that, unlike their Libc, we can implement pthread_getspecific() and pthread_setspecific() using trivial inline functions or macros that access the specifics array.
Therefore, my recommendation is to use POSIX pthread specific in your program, which will work on any POSIX including Mac OS X. If your operating system has a slow POSIX pthread specific implementation, but the compiler has thread local storage support, then you can roll your fast pthread specific like shown above.
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- Mac Os Versions
When will the Mac version of this software release. I was told mid may, then by the end of may and then I was told on June 1st. I’ve been waiting but it seems I keep being lied too. I don’t care if it’s in beta I just want to customize the keyboard otherwise what’s the point of saying it’s customizable and on Mac. A thread is a basic unit of CPU utilization; it has a thread id, a program counter, a register set, and a stack. It shares code, data and other os resources such as open files and signals with other threads in the process. The traditional single-threaded program can do only one task, the multi-threaded process can do more than one tasks at a time. Download Multi Threaded TCP Port Scanner 4.0 for Mac from our software library for free. The file size of the latest downloadable installer is 1.1 MB. The application belongs to Internet & Network Tools. The actual developer of this free Mac application is SecPoint ApS. Our built-in antivirus checked this Mac download and rated it as 100% safe.
However, it has been suggested that pthread_getspecific() has a fast implementation on Mac OS X. The pthreads thread specific functions are POSIX API facility for thread local storage (TLS).
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On Mac OS X, pthread_getspecific() for i386 takes exactly three instructions. It is similar to ELF handling of TLS on i386, in the sense that both use the GS segment to point to a thread control block. However, the difference is that ELF only stores the thread pointer in the thread control block, which is then used to calculate the address of the thread local storage data section for that thread. On Mac OS X, pthread specific values are allocated from the thread control block in the GS segment. This saves another indirect reference, so that could be faster.The way Mac OS X implements pthread_getspecific() for ppc target is more complicated. First, it looks up from the COMMPAGE (defined in cpu_capabilities.h) the address to several possible pthread_getspecific() functions implemented by the mach kernel, and branch there. From there, thread control block is either obtained from SPRG3 (special purpose register #3), or by an ultra-fast trap. The SPRG3 points to thread control block where pthread specifics are allocated from, so the approach is comparable to using GS segment on i386. The ultra-fast trap approach, despite its name, is a slower fall-back approach that appeals to the task scheduler to find out which thread is currently running.
There is no reason why pthread_getspecific() couldn't be implemented as efficiently as compiler's thread local storage variables. However, with __thread, the compiler could cache the address for the thread local variable instance and reuse it in the current function. If several functions are inlined, all of them could use the same pre-computed address. With pthread_getspecific(), the compiler doesn't know that the address to the pthread specific variable can be reused. It has to call the function again whenever the value is asked. For this reason, Mac OS X also provides inlined version of pthread_getspecific() to get rid of the function call overhead, as well as allowing the compiler to pre-compute the offset into the thread control block whenever possible.
I don't know how other operating systems implement pthread_getspecific(), but if they already support thread local storage variables, they should be able to implement pthread specific like this to achieve the efficiency as expected on Mac OS X:
This is inspired by pthread_tsd.c in Mac OS X Libc. Notice that, unlike their Libc, we can implement pthread_getspecific() and pthread_setspecific() using trivial inline functions or macros that access the specifics array.
Therefore, my recommendation is to use POSIX pthread specific in your program, which will work on any POSIX including Mac OS X. If your operating system has a slow POSIX pthread specific implementation, but the compiler has thread local storage support, then you can roll your fast pthread specific like shown above.
Add your useful tools here -- editors, debuggers and other utils that really help with the process.
Contents
Debuggers
Name | Platform | Notes |
All | The standard library debugger, part of all Python installations. | |
Unix,Mac OS X | A visual, console-based, full-screen debugger, designed as a more comfortable drop-in replacement for pdb. (also supports IPython) The neko family the game (chapter 1) (discord novel) mac os. | |
All | A .pdbrc for Python's standard debugger, pdb, which allows you to run arbitrary Python commands on pdb startup. | |
Unix, Windows,Mac OS X | (Predecessor of rpdb2 and winpdb) rpdb.py improves pdb's usability and adds support for remote debugging, multiple threads debugging, post mortem of unhandled exceptions, and for debugging of embedded scripts. | |
Unix | Graphical front-end for command-line debuggers such as GDB, DBX, WDB, Ladebug, JDB, XDB, the Perl debugger, the bash debugger, GNU Make debugger, or the Python debugger. DDD displays data structures as graphs and plots. A deprecated version of pydb comes with this package. For GNU make debugging, use ddd-test5 | |
gdb | *nix | See DebuggingWithGdb |
*nix, Windows | Pyclewn allows you to use Vim as a front end to a debugger. Pyclewn currently supports gdb and pdb. | |
trepan2, trepan3k | Unix, Windows, Mac OS X | A rewrite of pdb/pydb with closer compliance to gdb . This is the only debugger that I (rocky) am aware of that uses decompilation technology (also written by me), so that you can debug CPython bytcode files where no source code is available. Decompilation is also used to provide sensible debugging inside exec strings, and more accurate position information when stopped or in showing a stack trace. In addition to the features of pdb/pydb, the debugger supports syntax coloring (via pygments), has extensive on-line help (in rendered reStructuredText), readthedocs documentation, command completion, a smarter eval, debugger macros written in Python, and more. |
Unix, Windows, Mac OS X | An extension of the pdb module of the standard library. It is meant to be fully compatible with its predecessor, yet it introduces a number of new features to make your debugging experience as nice as possible. | |
Unix, Windows, Mac OS X | A set of debugging decorators which respects Django's settings in case the package is withing a Django project. It allows a user to PDB into a function, do a Line profiler, inspect an object and Disasemble the function. | |
Windows, Linux | Fork of winpdb after this was unmaintained | |
All | Improved version of pdb that is part of IPython but also can be used separately |
Debuggers that are no longer maintained:
Name | Platform | Notes |
Windows | A python IDE with remote debugging capability. | |
Unix,Linux,Windows Indivisible (itch) mac os. | An advanced python debugger, with support for smart breakpoints, multiple threads, namespace modification, embedded debugging, encrypted communication and speed of up to 20 times that of pdb. | |
Unix, Windows, OS X | Obsolete. An expanded version of pdb loosely based on the gdb command set. The debugger supports thread debugging, signal handling, non-interactive tracing, and much more. This was written in the era of Python 2.4-2.6. See trepan3k below. | |
Unix | pdb extension with curses module that adds console window with source code. | |
Mac OS X, OS/2, Unix, VMS and Windows | Both a CPYTHON and a JPYTHON(JYTHON) debugging framework which has been integrated inside Jedit as a standard jedit pluggin. | |
Unix,Windows | Debugger for Python programs with a graphical user interface. It uses bdb (part of stdlib) but adds a GUI and has some powerful features like object browser, windows for variables, classes, functions, exceptions, stack, conditional breakpoints, etc. |
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IDEs with Debug Capabilities
Since debugging is one of the the functions that usually helps make up the 'Integrated' in 'Integrated Development Environment', expect that most IDEs will have debugging capability even if not listed explicitly here.
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Mac OS X, Linux, Windows | For teaching/learning programming. Focused on program runtime visualization. Provides stepping both in statements and expressions, no-hassle variables view, separate mode for explaining references etc. |
Mac OS X, Linux, Windows | Allows debugging multiple threads in Jython and Python (It is featured as a 'Python IDE' plugin for Eclipse). |
Mac OS X, Linux, Windows | An IDE that can debug multiple threads and multiple processes, including code launched from the IDE or code launched externally, running under CPython and Stackless Python. The GUI includes a Debug Probe, which is a Python shell running in the context of the paused debug process. The IDE's debugger also features value watching (by symbolic path, object reference, or a combination), conditional breakpoints, move program counter, debugging of tests running in the integrated unit testing tool, special support for Django, and How-Tos for debugging code running under Flask, web3py, Django, Google App Engine, wxPython, PyQt, Tkinter, Blender, Maya, NUKE, and many other packages. |
Mac OS X, Linux, Windows | |
Mac OS X, Linux, Windows | PyCharm's integrated debugger works for Python and Jython, supports debugging of multiple threads, remote debugging, allows debugging Django, Google App Engine applications and unit tests. The debugger features various breakpoints, stepping modes, frames view, watches, evaluate expression tool and a debug console. Conditional and Exception breakpoint types are available for more precise control. Debug console allows executing any Python statements in the context of the process being debugged while stopped at a breakpoint. |
Windows | |
Linux, Windows | An IDE tool used to edit, debug Python scripts, publish encrypted scripts, build a standalone executable file, and make installation in various forms(.msi, .tar.gz, .rpm, .zip, .tar.bz2). It includes an editor simulating Emacs python-mode, a GUI debugger simulating GDB, a project view used to manage scripts, modules, extensions, packages and platform specific data files. |
Windows | Supports Python (any implementation with sufficient sys.settrace capabilities) and IronPython .NET debugging. Includes MPI cluster debugging, breakpoints, conditional breakpoints, locals, watch, and immediate windows, step into/out/over, break on exception, and break on unhandled exception. |
Mac OS X, Linux, Windows | Visual Studio Code is a source code editor developed by Microsoft for Windows, Linux and MacOS. It includes support for debugging, embedded Git control, syntax highlighting, intelligent code completion, snippets, and code refactoring. It is free and open-source, although the official download is under a proprietary license. Supports Python debugging via extensions. |
Mac OS X, Linux, Windows | A simple Python editor for beginner programmers, providing a simple interface depending on the project type. It includes visual debugging as first citizen. |
Web (Mac OS X, Linux, Windows) | Web UI for Notebooks in Python and other programming language, has a visual debugger intregrated. |
Profilers
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All | profiler in the Python standard library |
All | pure Python module, in the Python standard library |
Remote process inspector/profiler for Python 2/3. Uses GDB to inject code. | |
Easy to use sampling profiler | |
high-performance, high-precision CPU and memory profiler | |
thread&coroutine aware | |
Development tool to measure, monitor and analyze the memory behavior of Python objects |
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Special-purpose tools
Mac Os Versions
GoogleAppEngine + Firefox | FirePython is a python logger console integrated into Firebug (similar to !FirePHP). See http://appengine-cookbook.appspot.com/recipe/firepython-logger-console-inside-firebug/ |
Mac OS X, Linux | Remote process inspector (using an active component, using a thread or a plain simple signal handler). |
Remote process inspector. Uses GDB to inject code. | |
Any | Trace hook logger which outputs each thread in its own 'swimlane' to make multithreaded analysis easier. Can also time calls (naively) and watch variables. |
Remote process inspector. Uses GDB to inject code. | |
Mac OS X, Linux | Library and a set of tools for injecting code into running Python programs to monitor, analyze, introspect, and alter running Python programs easily. Uses GDB to inject code. |
Remote process inspector. Uses GDB to inject code. | |
Remote process inspector. Uses GDB to inject code. Uses rpyc for communication. | |
Remote process inspector (using an active component, a thread). | |
A flexible code tracing toolkit. Can print out code and variables, and filter the events. | |
Sweet and creamy print debugging -- inspect variables, expressions, and code execution with a single, simple function call. | |
Graphical Python debugger which lets you easily view the values of all evaluated expressions | |
Provides two utilities: show: a lightweight function that prints name and value of your variable(s) to the console, and peep: featured, interactive interface for data inspection. | |
Never use print for debugging again. PySnooper is a poor man's debugger. If you can't use a real debugger for some reason or other, and you're resorting to adding print statements to your code, this is for you. Add just one decorator line to your functions, and you get a complete log of all the lines that ran in the function and all the variables that were changed. | |
An improved version of PySnooper. | |
Unix, Windows, Mac OS X | Trace and visualize your function execution on a graphical UI, with filters and arbitrary data logging support. Featured with a virtual debugger like pdb to debug your log of execution |